• In Antirrhinum floral organ identity

  2023-05-24

  

  In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is

• Finally impaired endothelial integrity culminates in

  2023-05-24

  

  Finally, impaired endothelial integrity culminates in an increased plasma protein concentration in the interstitial space, and thus accumulation of fluid in the ECM, favoring the swelling of the face and limbs [2] mainly. Concurrently with this systemic change, there is intense activation of coagula

• The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS

  2023-05-24

  

  The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS receptors mediate the effects elicited by AT1 antagonists was provided by Iwai et al. (2012). The authors found that AT1 receptors triggers neointima formation after polyethylene-cuff placement around mouse femoral artery by reducing local ACE

• It remains to elucidate whether proteolytic activity is

  2023-05-24

  

  It remains to elucidate whether proteolytic activity is the cause or the consequence of changing levels of peptidergic substrates. In fact, in some cases, the expression of the enzyme does not necessarily parallel with its activity [26], [55], [57] and other factors such as a definite biochemical en

• Asparagine synthetase ASNS is a glutamine amidotransferase t

  2023-05-24

  

  Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is a glutamine amidotransferase that catalyzes ATP-dependent synthesis of asparagine and glutamate from aspartate and glutamine. Upregulation of ASNS expression renders leukemia cells resistant to l-asparaginase treatment, and ASNS is essential for cell survival in the a

• As one of emerging high throughout methods metabolomics

  2023-05-24

  

  As one of emerging high-throughout methods, metabolomics detects metabolites which are ultimate response of biological systems to environmental changes [14]. Metabolomics uncovers metabolic alteration at the systems level. Comparison of global metabolic profiling reflects some unidentified biologica

• D-Mannitol HT modulates cortical and hippocampal

  2023-05-24

  

  5-HT modulates cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cell function in a very complex manner, since most 5-HT receptor subtypes (excitatory as well as inhibitory) are expressed on pyramidal D-Mannitol as well as GABAergic interneurons that exert inhibitory control over pyramidal cells (Leiser et al., 2

• Cytochalasin J We also demonstrate that PACAP treatment

  2023-05-24

  

  We also demonstrate that PACAP treatment dose-dependently disrupts performance in the 5CSRTT, suggestive of attentional deficits, another core feature of mood and anxiety disorders. Treatment with PACAP (.5–1.0 µg) decreased the percentage of correct responses, increased the percentage of trials in

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular

  2023-05-24

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• In the vasculature it is known

  2023-05-24

  

  In the vasculature, it is known that A2A and A2B adenosine receptors are stimulatory for adenylyl-cyclase, leading to cyclic-AMP (cAMP) production and vasodilation, while the A1 and A3 adenosine receptors are linked to the inhibitory Gi, suppressing adenylyl-cyclase and favoring contraction. However

• Molecular docking simulations were carried out for ligands i

  2023-05-24

  

  Molecular docking simulations were carried out for ligands – in the ACE crystal structure (1O86) and DPP4 crystal structure (2G5P). Comparison of the binding mode of – () with enalaprilat (a) in ACE shows that the phenethyl group (–, enalaprilat) occupies the S1 pocket and the adjacent carboxylic 9-

• Since the localization of LO depends on

  2023-05-24

  

  Since the localization of 5-LO depends on phosphorylation, we also analyzed the phosphorylation profile of 5-LO-WT and all isoforms by Western blot using specific K02288 against the phosphorylation sites S271 and S523. Whereas phosphorylation at S271 activates the 5-LO, inhibits nuclear export and

• Application of the broad acting HTR

  2023-05-24

  

  Application of the broad-acting 5-HTR antagonist methiothepin (Bard et al., 1996, Hoyer et al., 1994, Peroutka, 1990) converted the TBS-induced response of both thalamocortical and intracortical A1 synapses from LTP to LTD, an effect that was mimicked by the selective 5-HT2R antagonist ketanserin (L

• Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases

  2023-05-24

  

  Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including

• To maintain ATP levels postmortem

  2023-05-24

  

  To maintain ATP levels, postmortem muscle mobilizes its glycogen reserves to yield GSK744 6-phsphate that proceeds through glycolysis. Glycogen degradation was affected by the interaction between treatment and time (P to the other treatments. Combined, lower ATP and greater IMP in system containing

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